Red Flag ( 红旗)

You see them as museum exhibits, but rarely there is a first generation Hongqi, 红旗 (Red Flag) in the streets in China. It has been a Chinese icon and a proud symbol of the People's Republic of China. 

The first generation 红旗 (Red Flag) has been introduced by First Automotive Works (FAW) in 1958 on the basis of a 1955 Crysler. The car was mainly used by Chinese Government Officials. It became famous beyond China by the coverage of President Nixon's visit in 1972, when Chaiman Mao was riding in the convertible. It was powered by a 147 kW V8 engine, and in 1965 a streched three seat row derivate was launched. The car stayed in production until 1981 without major changes. The second generation Hongqi was a licensed re-badged Audi 100. It was streched and supplemented by a smaller 1.8 l Hongqi Mingshi. Production of the second generation ended in 2006 and the third generation, on the basis of a Toyota Crown Majesta, stayed successless as it did not attract private customers. The forth generation Hongqi, called HQE, was used by Premier Hu Jingtao during the parades of the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in 2009. This car was already shown as a concept in 2005 on the Shanghai Motor Show. FAW announced a fith generation Hongqui for 2012, which will be based on the C6 version of the Audi A6.

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"Mad, bad and dangerous to know" by Sir Ranulph Fiennes

This week I was teaching in the operations module of the Tongji-Mannheim Executive MBA Programme in Shanghai. The days were packed full with lectues and discussions with a really great class, which I enjoyed very much. But in the evenings, I had time to finish Ranulph Fiennes' book Mad, bad and dangerous to know. The title of this book is a direct quote from what his future father in law told his daughter about her future husband. It was meant as a warning. But Fiennes biography is not only a Romeo and Juliette story between him and his first wife Ginny, who died of stomach cancer mid aged (I remember The Guardian titled: "Sir Ranulph starts the most lonely journey of his life"). But his book is an autobiographic record of sombody's life who is called "the greatest explorer alife" by sombody who must know: Wilfried Thesinger.

Fiennes' biography starts very average: Eton boy, commander in the SAS, fighting the Arabs as member of the special forces and secret service, following the footsteps of his father (who was killed two months before his birth by a German mine). Nothing special, which would hint at an outstanding bio, but his quite rebellious personality. But he breaks out early of the conventions and his book and gives an exciting account of all his expeditions - out of which "Transglobe" is the most amazing one. In this he and his team members followed the zero lagitude around the world, crossing both poles. Literally they were doing the journeys of Livingstone, Scott, Amundsen and Franklin on one go. He also ran 7 marathons in a row, climbed around in the Himalaya and was chasing and killing German war criminals, which was published in his book The Secret Hunters. "Mad, bad and dangerous to know" is a required reading for any young traveler and a good one for the older ones. It is very well written and an easy reading: completly "non scientific" though, and much less observing than Thesinger's Arabian Sands for example. But you can feel the spirit of the man who cut off his frozen digits with a Black & Decker powertool. For me personally, the book was a little bit too much about Sir Ranulph himself, because I would have been also intersted to learn more about the technical aspects of his travels. But of course, when you read an autobiography this is what it is about. And I enjoyed to read how intelligence turned into wisdom over the years. Of course it is the wisdom of Sir Ranulph. I also enjoyed how openly he describes the struggles how to get his expeditions funded - and in some cases just how to make a living. In a world where people do not see money as a resource, but as a purpose, it is refreshing to see it the other way round. Nobody crosses Antarctica for money I guess. I will read more of Sir Ranulph Fiennes, whom Prince Charles calls "marvellous but mad". And this will fill quite a few evenings to come with perfect bedtime stories.

Summing up Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a place to drop in, do your business, and leave again. It is designed to be used and not to be liked. And it is actually hard to like Hong Kong. It often calls itself a hub. And that's what it is: easy to get in and out, practical and convenient. Sometimes it also calls itself "Asia's World City". But this is wishful thinking. Hong Kong is an accounting trick. It efficiently processes millions of lives from the cradle to the grave. When you die, you just move into a smaller box. Life happens between a cramped flat, an office cubical and the Mass Transit Railway (MTR). This is not a city, but the most efficient storage system for life human bodies. A more pleasant reality people find on Facebook where they upload photos of their dinner plates sharing culinary pleasures with friends. The big moments in life are also posted: for example photos of the University graduation posing with academic gown and a "Hello Kitty" or wedding pictures when "prince and princess" are taken in front of the Luis Vuitton store. A carnival. Everything is just a costume to play something which they never become. You grow up very late in today's Hong Kong, if ever. It is an infantile society which's intellect is formed by local gossip tabloids and a view of the world which is framed by an iPhone and thick short sighted glasses.

For those who come for business though, Hong Kong is a great place. It has just enough regulation to keep things on the road. But what you do on the road, is absolutely up to you. Processes for everything are of breathtaking efficiency. Hong Kong is not really governed, but it is managed. And it is managed well. You find interesting people, who take advantage of this and have put Hong Kong on their list of places to operate. You "operate" in Hong Kong only. Other things you do elsewhere. But if you need to stay longer, there are still places to hide away, which are not converted into a shopping mall yet. Not many, but there are. And last but not least Hong Kong has wonderful islands and country parks - which are mostly empty, because the Hong Kongers live on Facebook and work long hours to pay off their overpriced flat. 

Arsenic Keratosis

One of the long term effects of arsenic poisoning is keratosis, which usually occurs decades after arsenic exposure in drinking water and food. In Europe the diagnosis of arsenic keratosis is not concluded frequently, as exposure is low and only recorded in some wine growing regions which historically used arsenic pesticides. In China though, cases are more common, as heavy metals may cause poisoning of patients using Traditional Chinese Medicine, are exposed at their work place or contaminated drinking water and food. This may be why physicians in Asia diagnose it easier. Arsenic keratosis is hard to treat and even to manage and it may trigger cancers. A very good description of the cell patterns related to arsenic keratosis, you find by clicking here. Some research shows that oral retinoids, like acitretin or its metabolite etretinate (which has been discontinued in some markets because of the high risk of birth defects and complicated dosing due to a long half life of about 120 days), may reduce the risk of cutaneous and internal malignancy formation. I found the following related papers:

  • Son SB, Song HJ, Son SW. Successful treatment of palmoplantar arsenical keratosis with a combination of keratolytics and low-dose acitretin. Clin Exp Dermatol. Mar 2008;33(2):202-4.
  • Yerebakan O, Ermis O, Yilmaz E, Basaran E. Treatment of arsenical keratosis and Bowen's disease with acitretin. Int J Dermatol. Feb 2002;41(2):84-7. 
  • Sharma SC, Simpson NB. Treatment of arsenical keratosis with etretinate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1983;63(5):449-52.

Non-oral treatment has been undertaken with imiquimod cream and is described in: Boonchai W. Treatment of precancerous and cancerous lesions of chronic arsenicism with 5% imiquimod cream. Arch Dermatol. Apr 2006;142(4):531-2. 

Surgical removal and destruction of cell clusters have been are working if applied properly. Treatment with salicylic acid (for example Duofilm Gel) seem does not reach the cells causing the keratosis over-formation. 

Electronic Books

I have been using computers since 1982. Back then they were pure calculators with the purpose to crunch numbers. Today anybody can use computers for anything. But for me nothing fundamentally changed. Just that I do a bit more office work myself than before. Also "online service" requires attention now. For example I serve my bank clerk online by doing his job to type numbers into his system. But that's fine. The poor chap has a really dull job. So, why shouldn't I help him a bit? Then he can use the time he saved to read the Financial Times. He really needs it. I also do "online service" to support airlines and rental car companies. I see it like charity work. But all together I don't spend more than half an hour a day in front of a computer screen.

A real change to me has been made not by the Personal Computer, but by the introduction of really good electronic book readers. When I was working in the High Tech Practice of The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in the late 90s, I was first introduced to "electronic ink" which is a display that uses charged pigments to create a paper like, very sharp picture. At this time the company was still an early stage venture, but it developed amazing displays in the last 12 years. They can be read under strong sunlight as well as in the armchair under a lamp. And it only uses power when the pigments change direction, which is when you turn a page. I have tried a few electronic book readers, and found that the Amazon Kindle is the best. It is perfectly integrated into the Amazon store and I have two devices: one as a pocket book and the other to read larger formats. Everything in the Kindle makes life easy and emulates the way you read a book. And the best thing about the kindle is not what it does, but what it does not do: it does not distract the reader by anything "fancy". 

Since about a year I sold and donated most of my paper books and re-bought them in electronic format. As I read a lot of classics, this is quite cheap to build up a decent library. Much cheaper than shipping tens of boxes of paper books around the planet, next time moving house. First I thought that I would miss the touch and feel of paper, when I read on the Kindle instead of a conventional book. But overall I found that I read much more and much faster on the Kindle. Try it and you will soon forget about the touch and feel of paper. 

My Pocket Universe

Today I happily received a post package, flipped open my knife and opened it: haha, two night sky planisheres - one for 30-40 Degrees and another one for 40-50 Degrees North. They are made by David Chandler, P.O. Box 999, Sringville, CA 93265 USA. Copyright is 1992. But this planisphere will never need an update, literally until the end of the Universe. This is one of the differences to the iPad application "Pocket Universe" (which I also like, but in a different way). Another one is that the planispheres hold the instruction: read with red filtered flashlight at night. This is much milder to the eyes and helps adjusting to darkness. Of course you might say, the software covers more regions and you can select how deep you want to see into space. True, but the planispheres somehow make me think differently. Once you match date and time zone adjusted time, then you can literally "understand" how the whole thing works. Of course, in the software application you can do things like "fast forward" the star constellations and see them rush over the screen. But who wants to fast forward a night with a clear sky watching the stars? Personally, I think they go exactly at the speed I like it. And if you want to see what is coming behind the Eastern Horizon, just turn the ring of the planisihere a bit. Done!

Of course in Hong Kong I am South of 30 Degrees North and also have to twist the brain a bit on how much difference it will make. And for that little mental calibration process, the iPad application is perfect. 

I had such a planisphere as a boy, which I bought when I was 10-ish from a museum shop in London. This was a big investment from my pocket money: 2.99 Pounds Sterling. Another 10 years later, I gave it away to somebody who joined me star watching one night. Perhaps her children are using it these days somewhere around 52 Degrees North, GMT + 1 hour. Then these 2.99 Pounds would have been one of the best investments I ever made. This makes me remember what I once read on a Powerpoint Slide of my colleague, Professor Patrick Gibbons, who shared kindly his teaching material with me to help me design my courses at the beginning of my University time. There were two questions: "1) What is the price of going to the British Museum on Sunday? and 2) "What is the value of going to the British Museum on Sunday?"

Damn, there is this Taifun passing through the South China Sea heading West towards Hainan. Hong Kong will be covered by the rain bands and heavy clouds during the next few days. Ha, but as soon as the sky clears up, I am ready to put the 30-40 Degree planisphere into practice. Of course, the Hong Kong sky is never as clear as I am used to. But let's hope for Southerly winds and a major power failure. 

A bit like Graduating again

Just finished my second of 10 weeks summer teaching. After that I will be involved in more traveling and from December work again "in corporate", as my 5 years sabbatical is then over. This time feels a bit like decades ago when I went to work after graduation with thousands of ideas. Back then I was lucky to find environments that were very conducive in turning ideas into projects, products and profits. And I feel the same excitement when I will return to Volkwagen in December. Just a few differences are that I do not graduate from University, but I am a Professor. And then there is this strange difference, that I feel short breath when I run up a mountain and somehow 4 times 50 push ups as morning gymnastics don't come so easy any more. But other things come much easier.

Of course I am asked a lot, whether such a sabbatical "makes sense". Depends a bit on what "makes sense" means. Efficiency and "having new ideas" (I deliberately don't use the term "innovation") seem to be bi-polar forces. If you are only efficient by staying on the strait path then you have no new ideas. And if you only have new ideas, then you get nothing done. So, playing with both of them seems the key to "getting new things done". Perhaps this is the true sense of "creativity" in terms of creating something. And after 5 years being inefficient, I am exactly looking forward to do that: getting new ideas on the road - and I mean this not as a metaphor, but quite literally.

As I have just now the teaching load (that's how they call it strangely) of two tenured Professors (104 man weeks) in only 10 weeks, I am actually ten times more busy if you see it in teaching density. Having said that, I already see myself getting lynched on the lift to the Senior Common Room next week: "Did you just say we are lazy? ..." ... Nono, you are just so much more creative! Better have a drink. But only one for me, because I (!) have to get up early, haha!

Visit in the Ivory Tower

I have the privilege of staying in an Ivory Tower for 8 weeks, which is the Blacks College Guest House of The University of Hong Kong. At the breakfast table, I am surrounded by very nice people from all over the world, visiting the University. Some of them are “old fellows”, which mostly have spent their lives in academia, others are young academics who start this path. Because my own lectures are mostly in the evening, there is still time to run up to the Victoria Peak, do one or two rounds on the trail around it, and return. Summer has arrived and it is really a quite demanding exercise. On the way, mostly older Hong Kongers are doing similar routes - everybody at his/her own speed. The former Pinewood Battery plateau is a gymnastic an Tai Chi place in the early morning. People know each other, are relaxed and in a good mood and very friendly. Most of them are actually amazingly fit. Also some younger ones are up and running. But most of them have to get ready for their office cubical (and don’t like physical things anyway). But this seems to be “the other Hong Kong”, because these attributes are bipolar to what the city is in other parts. The scene reminded me of the movie “Morgens um Sieben ist die Welt noch in Ordnung” (At seven in the morning the world is still in order). I guess there must be an old Hong Kong Movie which describes better what I mean. Some of the fellows from the breakfast table, also run and walk around the steep forest slopes behind Pokfulam. Well, education is a way of life. And a nice one.

The University Museum and Art Gallery, which is hosting an exhibition called “Dance Melodies in Colors” featuring paintings of Lalan (Xie Jinglan, 1921-1995). The picture above shows, Enraged Tree, from 1969. It reminded me why I am here, and that the few weeks might be one of the last chances to explore the city a bit more. Let’s see, because the time will be also overpacked with lectures. I already witnessed the final round of the HSBC / McKinsey business case competition which was hosted by HKU and saw how the team from the National University of Singapore (NUS) outperformed all local competition easily. They were really great. The only team which came close was from Tsinghua University. They were also very good, but got caught in the final round by a topic, they were not familiar with (coffee farming in Laos). Anyway, both of the finalists: well done and congratulations to NUS.

Tonight I start my lectures off with “Decision and Risk Analysis”. This is always a fun course, because we have to bring so many dimensions together, ranging from the very technical to the very human. Students usually squeak a bit when it comes to maths. But in the end I hope some are convinced that the “scientific method” makes sense also for some unstructured problems.

Australia: "The Bottom of the Empire"

In his first voyage Captain James Cook approached Terra Australis  from the South, traveled along the East Coast, facing severe encounters with the Great Barrier Reef, then via Timor and today’s Indonesia crossing the Indian Ocean towards the Cape of Good Hope. All along this way, he left his traces naming islands, mountains and rivers - some of them mirroring the despair of the journey after hitting reefs in shallow water, loosing men to pests and accidents. Cook married Elizabeth Batts in 1734, but was more than half of his married life at sea until he died in Hawaii in 1779 in a fight with local inhabitants. Another famous journey was the conquest of the HMS Pandora in the aftermath of the Mutiny on the Bounty during the so-called Breadfruit Expedition. It is amazing how much effort the Royal Navy put into the aftermath expedition to capture and punish the mutineers who were caught in Tahiti and chained and looked in a box cell on board called “Pandora’s box”. Crossing Torres Strait, the Pandora hit the Great Barrier Reef on August 29th 1791. All efforts to drop ballast, like water, food and canons could not safe the ship and it sank the day after. In the last minute the prisoner’s cell was opened. The survivors sailed in rescue boats towards Timor, where they arrived on September 16th. The name ‘Terra Australis’ was coined by Captain Matthew Flinders commanding the HMS Investigator and who published ‘A Voyage to Terra Australis’  in 1814. Flinders was an amazing navigator and his idea of putting iron bars beside the magnetic compass to compensate deviations caused by the ship, became the ‘Flinders bars’. Returning to England in poor health, he died on July 19th 1814, aged 40. His son William Matthew Flinders Petrie became archeologist and Egyptologist.

During my studies of Geosciences at The University of Cologne, I had to specialize on a continent for an important exam. Back then I picked Antarctica for several reasons: 1) it is one of the last frontiers, 2) I was expecting mining exploration activities and a professional outlook there, 3) it is rough, 4) there are no people there (at that time I was a bit introverted - today, I like people if they appear in small bursts and then disappear again). During my exam preparations, I also came across Sir John Franklin, who was mentored by Flinders and crossed later into Antarctic waters and later was given command of the HMS Erebus and HMS Terror in his 1845 Northwest Passage journey, which became Franklin’s last expedition. An interesting insight into this character is the fascinating novel “The Discovery of Slowness” by Sten Nadolny. I liked this book at that time, because is discovers slowness as a positive principle in fast times, and narrates through the eyes of a very slow protagonist, who never wastes time, because he knows his handicap which he managed to turn into an asset. 

The largest island of Terra Australis became Australia. As a British Colony, it was referred to ‘The Bottom of the Empire’ and served as a resource and also for deportations and imprisonment of convicts. Independence came gradually, but even still today Australia is a Constitutional Monarchy under the English Queen Elizabeth II.

Australia is a vast country. A rich and lush nature of the Eastern Coastal regions is contrasted by an ‘empty’ centre behind the ‘Dividing Range’. Sitting in my rented Toyota, I had to realize that driving from Cairns to Darwin through the Outback is a similar stretch than driving from Sweden to North Africa. With the difference that some roads require 4WD and you have to carry extra water and fuel. How much Australia is vonourable to nature, I realized when seeing the damage the last Cyclone and the floods caused in the region around Mission Beach, where a friend runs the Dundee Park Academy which provides education in Rainforest Ecology and Tourism on the premises of a former crocodile park. 

Pioneering spirit outside the cities of Australia is still necessary. There are basically no “jobs” unless you create them yourselves. A large amount of workforce is provided by backpackers and young people who tour the country in a “working holiday” for about 6-12 months. I am pretty sure, that if I would have travelled Australia at that age, I would not have come back. It is too much the “Country where everything is possible” if you want to try out things and work hard and like to be outdoors. You might think: What do Australians have to do with work hard? Well, on the first sight it is hard to spot the difference between being “laid back” and being “lazy”. Of course every place has many different characters. But one difference between being lazy and laid back, which I observed in Australia, is that people do not have to pretend to be busy. When the job is done, they go fishing. And if the job is done at 2 pm, then they go fishing at 2 pm. That’s not lazy. Sitting on one of the world’s largest mining continents and selling commodities to China, seems to have a major impact on the self confidence: “No worries mate”. On the other hand you can sell your commodities only once and the attempt of the former prime minister to levy a heavy tax on mining was intelligent, but finally fueled kicking him out of office with party tricks. The winner of the intrigues was the current Prime Minister, Julia Gillard. And when you listen to what she has to say, you feel that Australia still has a long way to go to arrive in anything close to a “knowledge based economy”. But I encountered most Australians as very friendly people: kind, helpful, reliable. It seems a society in which mutual help was essential for survival and it shaped at least the rural culture very much. And I really enjoyed the “no bullshit” attitude.

What was a surprise for me was today’s situation of the Aborigines. Even in the co-managed Kakadu National Park most Rangers are white. The only presence of Aborigines is hanging around the car park of the local supermarket, in some cases recovering from a hangover or working on the next one. It must be a political deadlock between paralyzing welfare and bad conscious of the white man for historical suppression and cruelty. If the will for a different life does not come from the Aborigines themselves, then every effort to improve their situation will be seen as threat to their culture. It is still a sad story.

There are many “characters” in Australia. And like everywhere in the world, the closer you get to the frontiers, the more interesting they become. It is like in South-East-Asia and Micronesia, where you can still bump into people, of which you thought they do not exist any more these days: real adventurers, entrepreneurs. A lot of this is of course my personal preference and taste, but my favorite business characters have always been people like Fitzcarraldo . This is what happens when you were getting Joseph Conrad and Jack London as bedtime stories, and not the Teletubbies or Hello Kitty. During the time of intensive settling in Australia, there were many coming to live their dream, and not all of them succeeded. Some odd things, already became history, like the one of the Catalonian immigrant Jose Paronella, who built a castle with the first hydro-electric power plant in the Queensland rainforest (todays Paronella Park) in 1933. Or Kidman, the largest landowner ever, also referred to as “the forgotten king”, not to be mixed up with Nicole Kidman who played in a romance movie called Australia, a woman running a cattle station. But these kind of people are not gone. Just their habitats are somewhere else, always close to the fine line between what is possible and what is not. One of them is for sure Judy Opitz (photo), who just recently published her Autobiography “An English Rose in Kakadu”. She just recently received her PhD for Aboriginal studies at the Charles Darwin University at the age of  84. But when you look at her life, she should teach entrepreneurship. One thing about leaving the comfort zone, is that it is by definition uncomfortable.

 

Sri Lanka (Cylon)

 

As written in the Mahavamsa, an Indian Princess traveled in a caravan. When they were attacked by a lion, her companions fled, but "when the lion had taken his prey ... he behelded her from afar. Love laid on him, and he came towards her with a waving tail and ears laid back. Seeing him, ... Without fear she caressed him, stroking his limbs. The lion, roused to the fiercest passion by her touch, too her upon his back and bore her ... to his cave, and there he was united with her" (Quoted after Thomas Garvin, click here). The princess received a boy and a girl, which married each other and had 16 children out of which the first one was Prince Vijaya. As a teenager, the prince must have been even worse than normal teenagers, so that people demanded him and 700 male companions to be punished by death. The king though, put them on a ship and sent them into exile. They landed in Sri Lanka in the 6th century BC and to straiten out the male/female ratio, they imported wives from India. The legend says that this is the origin of the people of Sri Lanka.

Elsewhere, people pay a lot of money to go on a roller coaster ride. In Sri Lanka you just take a public bus for 20 Rupees. Everybody is cheering and happy. The only difference is that you can actually fall off the bus, which you can’t on a roller coaster. But a bus ride is a team sports here. Everybody works together. Elderly, pregnant women and children are on the seats. Younger women on the centre positions and men close to the doors. When you feel you fall off, somebody will grab you and pull you back. Then everybody laughs and smiles and shakes the head in the way that you don’t know whether it means “yes”, “no” or something completely different. After the ride your new friends wave you goodbye and everybody is happy to have "won" the game called "go by bus to town".

Still not many foreign visitors come to Sri Lanka. Many don’t see it as a travel target and still have in mind 30 years of fierce war which ended in a "spectacular" victory of government troops in May 2009, by which most leaders of the so called Tamil Tigers were killed or captured. In the final campaign, the Tamil Tigers were pushed back into a narrow land strip, together with thousands of trapped civilians, which were said to be used as human shields. In the battles for Kilinochchi, the Elephant Pass and Mullaitivu also civilian targets were shelled with heavy artillery and air raids, including hospitals and schools, in which at least 7000 civilians were killed in less than 3 months. It is always striking for me that even in the most war torn countries in Asia, given all the trauma and tragedy, you find the most friendly and happy people.  Even more so, specially in Sri Lanka, nearly everybody I met was just wonderful. Sure, you find the normal street scams, but somehow even the "little gangsters" are charming. But where I went I did not find many of them.

One day, I spotted a VW Beetle on a scrap yard. When I started repair works, people immediately came in with happy mood and suggestions, but mostly feeling a bit of pity that this strange foreigner wants to repair a piece of scrap, here where perhaps no foreigner ever appeared since World War II.

"It will never work, Sir"

"It will. It's a Volkswagen"

A lot of laughter, shrieking and cheering and finally applause when the old air cooled engine came to life again: tatatatatatat ....trtrtrtrtrtrtr!

One of the people around, took off his cap and approached me respectfully:

"How do you know how to do that, Sir?"

"Do and MBA in Hong Kong and I show you"

Cheering again: "Yes, let's all do an MBA! How much is it?"

"Perhaps you get a scholarship. We need some real diversity"

"Yes, by ship is much cheaper! Let's all go by ship to Hong Kong!"

“Which ship, Sir?”

“Scholarship”

“From Colombo, Sir?”

“Yes, maybe”

I guess the Hong Kong Immigration Department is afraid of nothing more than this idea.  Already see the news on the South China Morning Post: “Professor suggests to increase diversity by boat people”. Sri Lankans are in Hong Kong more known as “imported workforce” for example to drill tunnels or do other jobs, while the local Kevins and Kitties are becoming the leaders of tomorrow. But many Sri Lankans also are lawyers in India and Singapore, as they are trained very well in the British Legal System. And the students I talked to at Colombo University were a really smart bunch.

 

The Beetle took me through the most beautiful landscapes of Central Sri Lanka until it died for ever. It was a short rebirth as a piston broke soon after. Our first family car was exactly a model like this. A white VW Beetle with a sunroof. I remember that my father let me drive it when I was just about 6 and could not even reach the paddles. Now, this might have been the last time I had the chance to drive one. 

Another day, a walk through the villages ended in an invitation by a villager for a hunting stroll. As there were no hunting rifles, this became a cheerful competition in shooting ravens with Type 56 assault rifles (the Chinese copy of the AK 47), which is nearly impossible firing the short version of the 7.62 mm bullet. But if you hit one by chance, the bird bursts into a cloud of black feathers. Great fun. I wish I would have had this for the dogs on Lamma Island.

The whole country of Sri Lanka feels a bit like a movie set for a colonial romance. Everything is very charming and romantic, except the traffic in the cities. It starts with the train from Colombo Fort Station, the cake and tea, the Queens Hotel, the Kandy War Cemetery, The Mansion (www.mansionkandy.com) and the jungles of the last battles against the Tamil Tigers. Can't help starting to think back to the Eastern India Company and the time, when Lipton was not a tea bag, but a person who gave Ceylon (the colonial name of Sri Lanka) its fame for tea. 

I hope more people will visit Sri Lanka, without distorting its culture. But a drunk white "mate" (that's how he called me), reminded me that the combination of cheap beer and open borders often attracts people which are not more than “seed financing” for emerging prostitution services. I hope Sri Lanka finds a way not to let in these kind of “business angles” in, while maintaining its openness. As for the mentioned drunk western "mate", he managed to break his nose by banging his head into a toilet. Well, what can I say?  Perhaps: “Sorry mate, but actually Mother Theresa was my role model since childhood. I wanted to embrace you, but you slipped. I swear by my mother that this is true (and my mother will support this, because we share same values when it comes to people like you). I hope you will find back to the right path of life and to your country of  residence soon. You did not find your wallet? Let me remind you that you donated its cash content to a local girls orphanage, as they need it most to be protected from people like you. Thank you for your contribution, which was very generous. Sorry, I lost the rest including your passport. I was just joking: Mother Theresa has never been my role model. Funny? There is nothing like German humor. How is your nose?”

People said at its time, "the sun never sets over the British Empire", but it does at the end of another day in Sri Lanka. My visit is short, but I will come back. It is a wonderful country.

When you travel a lot, you are reminded that "the global village" does not exist. The world becomes larger every day you really look at it. And I doubt it is getting flat, as some people start to believe it again (welcome back to the Middle Ages). Fast communication and fast travel have not made it smaller or changed its geometry at all. A year of world travel is too short, five years also, and even a lifetime is. But that's all we have.

In a tropical sunset, I remember some words of the Polish philosopher Jozef Maria Borchenski: "Life is only a flash of light between two infinities of darkness. And this flash is everything".

Taiwan

Taiwan is often seen as a place where Chinese Culture is still alive versus the Chinese Mainland where in the Mao Era most of it was destroyed and now rebuilt. In 1949 the government of the Republic of China had to relocate to Taiwan, after its troops were defeated by the Communists. Consequently the Communist Party of China declared the Founding of The People’s Republic of China, which sees Taiwan as a Province of China.

Taiwan is an interesting place, not just by a very beautiful nature, but mainly by its people. On the Chinese Mainland, as well as in Taiwan, I find it easy to connect to people and they are open and friendly. But in Taiwan the general character is quite mild and the behavior very polite - which you find on the Mainland also, but in more educated circles. Of course it also makes me think for reasons why the culture is so distinct from the other two “special regions”, which are Hong Kong and Macao and perhaps it can be partly explained by the kind of immigrants and the reasons they immigrated.

If you had a reason to leave the Chinese Mainland in 1949 or shortly after, Taiwan was for many the first option. For example they might have been a supporter of the Kuomintang, headed by Chiang Kai-Shek, or might have been among the retreating troops. Also members of the retreating government likely relocated to Taiwan and a lot of the educated elite. Business people, for example from Shanghai, were not in the first wave of immigrants, because many still tried to stay with their businesses until it was clear that the country will develop into a repressive communist state under Mao Zedong. If it was not too late, they could still relocate to Taiwan, but some also choose Hong Kong. Even the historical Kuomintang were running a corrupted regime before 1949, which made many people welcome the Communists at first, still they represented the elite of the country which was then choosing to leave. They were the ones building up Taiwan and refining its culture, while The Peoples Republic of China dropped into a form of Communism which was mainly (mis-) used by Mao to secure his own power. The enormous modernization of China, dragging hundreds of million of people out of bare poverty, only started in 1979 with Deng Xiaoping. 

Immigrants to Hong Kong, who were not retreating business people from the Mainland, were often farmers escaping the famine in the 50s. Hong Kong has more the character and culture of a refugee camp. Those who were able to, did not stay for long and then immigrated overseas. A few of them who stayed took opportunities of the “gateway to China” and built amazing business empires in just one generation. Teaching at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) I always have to remind myself, that many local students actually are in the first generation of their families which receive any education. Perhaps this is why I was feeling so comfortable that in Taiwan many people have an exited sparkle in their eyes - in Hong Kong you only see this effect, when you point a flashlight into their ear. 

Political relations between The People’s Republic of China and The Republic of China (Taiwan) are getting less ideological and much more practical today. It seems to be on a good way and sometimes it is better to accept and develop a new reality and then try to find an appropriate name for it later. This is one of the many strengths of Chinese people, that they can accept for a long time names which do not really represent the reality, but everybody knows what they mean.

South Korea

 

Lecturing and traveling in South Korea, I had some time also to visit the city of Seoul, the villages and the Fortress of Suwon and the Demilitarized Zone which marks the border to North Korea. These are very different impressions, which range from a modern city with a lot of heritage and cultural awareness, an insight into the history of the Peninsula reaching back into the times of the Chinese Three Kingdoms and the unresolved issue of a separated country, which is the last one since the Fall of the Berlin Wall (which I remember myself quite vividly). Of course, you start to compare the former German and the current Korean situation and try to imagine a solution. But there are many differences which might make a reunification much harder than the German one 20 years ago. North Korea is not a “Communist Country”, it is a sick family dictatorship. Kim Jong Il is in the Communist spectrum more on the side of a Stalin, Mao Zhedong, Chauchesku, Pol Pot than on the one of Erich Honnecker, which makes him and his clan a much more dangerous and unpredictable one. Furthermore, the institutions, even they were bad in the GDR, they were still existing. And last but not least the East Germans were very well informed about what the rest of the world looks like, which the North Koreans are not. The reported potential hand over of power to his youngest son Kim Jong Un, called “Prince fatty” is seen by many just as prolonging the dynasty. But who knows what really happens.

South Korea is a very nice place to travel in, with a large variety of different landscapes, a very good infrastructure and really friendly and helpful people everywhere. 

 

Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur was a frontier city which emerged in the 1850s from exploitation of tin resources and Chinese gangsters fighting each other to control production. Only as the gang’s warfare crippled the production, the British, who ruled the Federation of malaya at that time, “elected” the more favorable of the Chinese warlords to take control of the city. Diseases, floods, fires, economic turbulence, communist insurgents, Japanese occupation, ethnic conflicts and corrupted governing clans shaped Kuala Lumpur, like many other South East Asian cities, that constantly had to fight the odds. After independence from Britain in 1957 Kuala Lumpur remained the capital of Malaysia and gained the status of a “city” in 1972. Still you meet adventurous exporters of palm oil to West Africa here and beside the modern scenes and shopping malls it hosts guests which appear to be only made for this flair of dubious shades, like the haute volée of modern terrorism which undertook part of its planning of the September 11 attacks here in the year 2000.

Kuala Lumpur is not a beauty, but its blend of colonial and modern architecture together with the lively streets and the mix of Muslim and Hindu cultural influences gives it an interesting character. The city is not designed to be walkable, but still it is possible and interesting to take a day and explore the diversity by foot: from the little streets, the old train station (see above), Chinatown up to the Islamic Art Museum and the National Mosque. 

A few hours by public bus to the North from Kuala Lumpur you reach Georgetown, which is a very charming city with a lot of remaining colonial architecture and became the first full municipality outside Singapore in 1857. It was founded in 1786 as the base for the British East India Company in the Malay States. Today the city centre is a UNESCO cultural world heritage site and with its cultural offerings it is a place to come back and explore more.

 

“This is London, you are listening to the World Service of the BBC ...”

When you are traveling in remote areas and specially in countries where you do not speak the language, it is really not easy to keep up with what is happening. When I was in Korea for example, there could have been a radiation incident for example, and I would have still run around, happy about the empty roads. The internet in many places is very patchy and you do not want to run for hotspots and change SIM cards all the time. A good way to stay “online” though is to use a radio. Unfortunately, there are not many decent radio programs left and the FM frequencies, 70-108 MHz, are in many countries filled with pop and rock trash. But the short wave and long wave bands have a much higher range and are used by radio services which still have journalistic quality. Some are also on a National, Ideological or Religious Mission, but they are easy to avoid. Of course you can listen to these bands on a Transceiver. But in some countries Transceivers are illegal, so that I decided for a simple short wave radio. The good old Grunding Yacht Boy or Grundig Satellite radios do not exist any more (they are now Made in China under the Grundig Brand), so I decided for a Sony ICF-SW7600GR, which is small enough to travel and powerful enough to serve the purpose.

Even also the BBC has been a bit “CNNed”, I still found that it is covering good information and programs with an enormous coverage all over the former Empire. The frequencies and schedules can be obtained by clicking here. A little less classical is Voice of America (VoA) which also has an extensive short wave coverage from the tradition of protecting innocent souls from being taken over by Communism in the Cold War (click here for frequencies). Deutsche Welle changes its Frequencies all the time, but you can find them for download here. Radio France Internationale has an excellent coverage in Africa (frequencies here), even in the Ultra Short Wave bands.

"Draussen nur Kännchen" - in Bonn (Germany)

The first book of Price Asfa-Wossen Asserate, an Ethiopian Prince living in Germany, I read, is called “Manieren” (Manners) and it contains the sharpest views on Germans I have ever read. Not that it would be cynical or unfair. It is just the perspective of an Ethiopian, who sees Germany as his home but from his own viewpoint and by this is a very interesting mirror. Now he wrote another Book titled “Draussen nur Kaennchen” and just reading this title I already bursted laughing. It is one of these idioms which is really untranslatable in any other language (I don’t even try) but hits right in the centre.

I spent some time in Bonn, working right in the middle beside the University, and staying with friends on the Rosenburg. The office was right over one of the large bookshops and coming from Hong Kong, it felt good to see that people are still interested and reading and that the bookshop does not just have a place in the centre of the city, but also in the centre of their life. There are nice coffee houses around, where people meet or just drop by to read the first few pages of their new book. Still many small old stores exist. I bought an old style shaving knife in a shop which still offers sharpening services. And further on I got two pair of hand made Budapest shoes. The staff in there knows everything about their products, greet you with a “Guten Tag”, and advise you on your purchase, but also just chat with you on your interest. 

Bonn was made capital of Germany after the War as it was a neutral ground to be the centre of the new Federal Republic, even it is geographically very far West. After the re-unification in 1989, the capital was moved back to Berlin. Many were afraid at that time that Bonn would go down, but installation and strengthening of European functions, research institutions and also companies have kept the city going. It is a bit like a village with the cultural program of a capital. And in my view it combines the advantages of both. Of course it is less colorful than back in the times when foreign diplomats were on the streets. But it is still a rather civilized city with much to see. 

Cambodia, The Churning of the Sea of Milk

In very ancient times the gods gathered to find a way to receive ambrosia, which would make them immortal like Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The jar holding ambrosia lay on the bottom of the ocean and to obtain it Vishnu advised: “Call the demons to your aid and churn the ocean ...”. The gods tried to churn the sea with Mount Mandra, but despite all efforts they could not move the mountain. To unmount it Vishnu called for Vasuki, the king of snakes and it coiled itself around the mountain and unrooted it. The gods rolled the mountain to the shore of the ocean and placed the weight on the tortoise king, who walked into the sea. Then the daemons and gods, holding Vasuki like a rope, pulled him forward and backward to churn the waters. Vapour coming from the mouth of the snake condensed rising to the sky and rain fell to refresh the gods. A lot of foam and spray arised from the churned sea and with it Apsara dancers which are dancing to the music played by their husbands, the gods. This is the legend Samudra Manthanam, or the churning of the sea of milk.

The temples of Angkor and all over Cambodia are covered with endless artworks on this myth. They remind of the amazing high Khmer culture at a time when Europe was in its dark age. But today Cambodia is also just in the stage of waking up from more recent nightmares, of which for example the battles between Cambodian and Thai troops over the Temple of Preah Vihear (N14°23.392’, E104°40.809’) just are a few weeks back. Still today in the remote Cambodian North, troops hold posts on the roadsides with mounted Type 67 machine guns, in beach sandals and without sandbags or any cover and sometimes with a can of Angkor Beer to cheer themselves up until the next clash at this unresolved border line which dates back to the French Indochine.

Since the Independence from France in 1953 Cambodia had a history of turmoil, inconsistent leadership, a main military coup in 1970 and the attempt of the King to overthrow the US backed Military government by offsetting a civil war, which was soon used by the Khmer Rouge Rebels. The intensive bombing of the North East of Cambodia by the US Seventh Air Force to disrupt the Viet Cong turned the region into a crater landscape till today and at the time is said to be driving up the support of the rural population joining the Khmer Rouge. Around two million Cambodians fled the fighting into Phnom Penh, which fell to the Khmer Rouge in 1975. The regime, lead by Pol Pot, announced the country to be “Democratic Kampuchea” and attempted by tyrannic means to revert Cambodia into a 11th century rural state. One Million out of an 8 Million population died of famine, disease and mass executions. Any form of education, intellectualism and cultural heritage was fought my all means. The interrogation prison S-21 in Phnom Penh reminds of this, and is besides German Concentration camps one of the most deeply depressing memorials I have ever seen. In 1978 Vietnamese troops invaded and attempted to end the Khmer Rouge Regime, but could not gain control over the whole territory. Until 1993 the Khmer Rouge were able to hold territories in the North and the South of Cambodia, devastating the land with anti-personnel mines and crippling in the later stages mainly farmers and playing children. The mine fields are up to today one of the major obstacles of development in some regions and are de-mined with international funding at a cost of 2 US$ per square meter. Despite a military coup in 1997 Cambodia is now relatively stable. Only very few former Khmer Rouge commanders have seen justice, to satisfy the demands of the countries providing financial aid. The cases are uncounted, in which people re-visit their past tyrants and take revenge into their own hand, many with a gun.

Today, Cambodia is growing at a very fast rate, specially the black segment of the economy. The government is corrupted, holding its own people hostage to receive foreign aid. The situation escalated briefly when law students recently protested that they have to bribe the judges to buy their jobs in the legal system. The police and the army deforested and degraded most of the forests in the North of the country and exported the wood. Military commanders run businesses all over the country, using their soldiers as free labour in anything from “import/export”, mining operations, logistics down to just shutting off a beach and collecting what is here called “tax”. It seems very obvious that a self-funded army is dangerous in such a country, but even the UN presence can only regulate this step by step. The police and the courts are selling justice to the highest bid and anything implemented by a government body is not an implementation of a rule, but just a “pain in the ass”. NGOs even have to pay off people when they bring their own money to build a school. Sometimes, the ones lining their pockets like this, later re-appear in the opening ceremony and are the ones giving the speech “donating” the school to the people in all pomp and glory. In the South of Cambodia also Russian “Investors” cherish the beauty of the seaside as well as the loose control of the origin of their funds and re-furbish the faded charm of the formerly French settlements in and around Sinaoukville with a “supply chain” that sometimes reaches back into human trafficking. 

Besides all, tourism is picking up in Cambodia as a very important industry. And the most important and most visited sites are of course the temples belonging to the Angkor complex, which is classified as World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. The closest city is Siem Reap which developed since 1993 from a small village on the river to a nice and open city, which even has an own international airport.

Angkor (map here Map-AngkorMain.jpg) was first visited by the Portuguese Monk Antonio de Magdalena in 1586, but became popular mainly by the travel notes of the explorer Henri Mouhot who was supported by The Royal Geographical Society. In the centre of the Angkor complex, stands Angkor Wat (N13°24.784’, E103°51.850’, download plan of the inner structure here Angkor Wat Plan.png), which was built under King Suryavarman II in the 12th century as a temple and today’s largest religious building. Recent research by the University of Sydney shows that Angkor Wat was the centre of a large urban area which was the capital of the Khmer civilization (download article here: New Scientist 2010 Young.pdf). Angkor Wat is the best preserved temple and attracts a lot of visitors. However, I found the temple not the most impressive, perhaps because of too high expectations. 

 

A temple which is grown in my jungle is Ta Prohm (N13°26.009’, E103°53.712’, download map here map-ta-prohm-1.gif). South-East of Ta Prohm lies the very impressive complex of Banteay Kdei  (N13°25.786’, E103°51.546) which is built in the 12th century, decorated with Garudas and the four faces of  Avalokiteshvara. Beside you find the large former capital Angkor Thom with the decorated gates with faces. Form here it is easy also to pass Baphuon (N13°26.627’, E103°51.484’), Bayon (N13°26.475’, E103°51.484’), Kleang and the Terrasse of the Leper King, Terrasse of Elephants and Pimeanakas (all around N13°26.752, E103°51.508). The Hindu temple Pre Reep (N13°26.098’, E103°26.098’) is very different from the other mainly Buddhist structures: it is not built in a sandstone covered Laterite, but in red bricks and also follows a different geometry. On the geographically same side are East Mebon (N13°26.798’, E103°55.263’), Ta Som (N13°27.872’, E103°54.710’). 36 km NNE of Siem Reap lies the mainly in Laterite built Benteay Srei (13°35.930’, E103°57.881’), together with Lokei, and Bakong (13°20.115’, E103°58.553’) and Beng Mualia, Kohker (13°47.033’, E104°32.443’) surrounded by a large a number of Linga Temples.

I found Cambodia and amazingly interesting and divers country. And given that the current development only started around 20 years ago, it is another example how a country can be dragged out of poverty in a very short time. Sure, Cambodia is still poor. But if the corrupted government holds or even improves or changes to a better one, then Cambodia has for sure a good future. If not, then not.  

Happy Mid Autumn Festival

The Mid Autumn Festival is celebrated on the day of the full moon close to the astronomical Autumnal Equinox (September 23rd in Gregorian Calendar), which is the day of equal day and night length. The celebration exactly takes place on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.  Roughly the traditional Chinese Calendar is a hybrid between the lunar and the solar calendar. There are 12 lunar months starting at dark moon at 11 pm. To correct the gap to the solar phenomena (which is important for agriculture, for example), every second or third year has an intercalary lunar month, so that the sun always enters Capricorn in month 11. 

The Mid Autumn Festival is a harvest festival and related to the Chinese myth on Houyi (后羿) and Chang’e. People celebrate with lanterns and exchange (a lot!) of Mooncakes, which are usually very sweet cakes holding an egg yolk in its inner. Last year, I enjoyed very much going to the Hung Sing Ye Beach which was covered with thousands of lanterns, by the families sitting together in the sand. This year I was unfortunately struggling with some food poisoning and missed, while I dropped in bed early. But at least the full moon was shining bright in my window. This was my last Moon Festival in China.

Asia’s World City: Shanghai

In the months before you make a move, you start doing things the last time. The first such “last time” for me now was bringing MBA students on a field tour to Shanghai. I did this for 4 years regularly and the course, which is called “Doing Business in China” (DBC), is a combination of lectures and a field study. It became a very popular elective for MBAs and its abbreviation DBC was recently rephrased by students to “Drinking Beer in China”. Well, this indicates that business relations here are sometimes sealed with the extensive consumption of cheerful beverages, and alumni relations for sure as well.

I enjoyed teaching this course, and also the challenges on the road - specially as we try to also explore things off the beaten tracks. But I also think it is coming somehow to the end of the life cycle in the current format. Shanghai changed and developed so much in recent years, that it does not serve to represent “Doing Business in China” any more, but better “Doing Business in Shanghai”. If I had to re-design the course, I would probably change the destination of the trip to Changchun, Harbin or Chengdu. Shanghai has become international business city, which is outstanding in China, but not representative for its economy and business environment.

And being outstanding, Shanghai does not just in terms of economic development. When I moved there in 2003, I would for example never have imagined that the city would be able to develop an autochtone cultural life in less than two generations. But it happened in only 8 years. It is not yet very sophisticated, but attracts a lot of talent from all over China and abroad. One of the districts where arts and creative industries are settling is the region along the Suzhou Creek. For example 50 Moganshan Lu is situated close to the Suzhou river in Shanghai and is one of the former industrial compounds, where factory halls and warehouses were converted into galleries and studios. The site is now named the “M50 Creative Park”. One of the first galleries you see, is also one of the best: 99 Degrees Art Centre (www.99dac.com), which currently holds and exhibition of the painters Gerard Altmann, Igor Bitman and the sculpturist Livio Benedetti. Also the Fine Arts College of Shanghai University has an exhibition space in the compound, which is an interesting showcase. Then there are other outstanding developments like the converted former Slaughterhouse 1933, the Red City or the restored Jing’an Villas at 2015 Nanjing Xi Lu, which develop all kinds of activities in a traditional Shanghai environment without a massive masterplan.

I also thought in the past that the Pudong skyline is a bit artificial and does not fit into the contrast of the Bund on the other side of the Huangpu river. But specially with what happened behind the Bund in terms of refurbishment and rebuilding, suddenly there are axis of views where even a structure like the Pearl Tower fits into the picture, a bit like the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Another thing which struck me, was when I had a look at the Subway map of Shanghai and the first thought shooting though my mind was: “Wow, how did they do that in such a short time?” Then I looked at it for a while and my last thought still was: “Wow, how did they do that in such a short time?”. The list of things which impress me in Shanghai is very long, and last but not least, it is that Shanghai really recovers its elegant flair which reminds of the old Shanghai in modern times. 

Last but not least, the term “Field Trip” is really not appropriate any more when coming to Shanghai, which I would say really deserves the claim of being Asia’s World City. 

Mount Rinjani (3726 m), Indonesia

Mount Rinjani (S 08 Deg. 25.000’, E 116 Deg. 28.000’) is an active volcano on the Indonesian island Lombok. It is a massive Caldera structure with a new volcano, the Gunung Barujari, inside the Caldera. The crater lake Segara Anak lies at about 2000 m. The most recent eruptions were on May 22nd and 23rd following earthquakes and ash clouds reaching up to 5000 meters. A major series of eruption dates back to 1994/95. Historical eruptions date back only to 1847, due to the remoteness of the region.

You can approach Mount Rinjani setting off at Senbawulun (S 08 Deg 21.481’, E 116 Deg. 31.275’) at about 1200 m. The first half of the day leads through savanna until the pine mountain forests are reached. After passing the clouds a good base camp site is on the caldera rim at 2700 m (S 08 Deg. 23.599’, E 116 Deg. 26.430’). To get to the Mount Rinjani Summit from here needs about 4 hours. For seeing the sunrise (now 6:34 am) it needs starting at 2:30 am. Even in moonlight (moon setting now at 3:51 am) it is hard to spot walkable trails and the first hour goes through loose rubble. The last 300 meters are ascending through loose volcano ashes which is constantly sliding backward. Passing this is extremely exhausting. The view from the summit at sunrise is tremendous: on one side the sunrise over the island of Lombok, the three Gili Islands and the Lava landscape - on the other the caldera with the intense blue lake and the smoking Gunung Barujari.

Returning to the base camp then is more about sliding down in the ashes than walking. From here, there is a steep trail down the inner side of the crater leading to the lake Segara Anak. The solid rocks are a welcome change to the ashes and rubble from the morning hike to the summit. In the crater are hot springs, which are also a treat and there is a local belief that they treat all kinds of sicknesses. For me they relieved me from the fact of not having a shower for 3 days, climbing and hiking since 2:30 am and being 5 kg too heavy.

The Gunung Barujari sometimes rumbles and then clouds are expelled. Hindus come to the lake and put a life cow on a bamboo raft which they push out to the lake. After a while the raft sinks and the cow, which is tied to it, drowns alive. This explains that there are here and there beef bones in the shallow shore water of the lake.

The climb out of the crater on the other side is steep and needs careful steps. An Italian woman died here a few weeks ago. The view back into the crater is amazing again and when reaching the rim at 2500 m you have a full view of the volcano, the caldera and the summit. Descending from here you enter a rainforest from about 2100 m, which is full of grey monkeys. Best is too keep moving until exiting it again, because there are leaches. At 800 m (S 08 Deg. 18.283’, E 116 Deg. 24.053’) you reach Senaru which is a good camp site. 

The island of Lombok will next year get an international airport. Currently there is only a local hub. The connection to Denpasar on Bali is flown on brilliant planes like the Fokker 50. When flights are cancelled, there is a ferry connection which takes 5 hours and also a fast boat in the mornings which makes it in 2 hours. The ferry services are unreliable and usually depart late to give thieves a chance to jump on the boat, steal something and jump off again. Engines sometimes catch fire, which at least delays the journey. If you happen to arrive with a ferry at night, be aware that all transportation (and the prices) are controlled by a few mafiosi in black leather jackets. Keep your knife open in the pocket, but try to stay in safe margins, because the situation is complex and people are skillful, numerous and know the local situation better. 

Tibet - The Roof of the World

The Himalayas range from alluvial North India, via Nepal, Bhutan until the Tibetan Plateau in China. Last year’s approach from Nepal was already very impressive, but this year (not looking for a hard core alpine adventure) the Tibetan side offered an enormous variety of nature and culture. Tibet is a Chinese Autonomous Region and currently needs for non-Chinese nationals a special permit to enter. Another special permit from the Military Authority is required to enter the region around Nyingchi, which is just a few kilometers North of the line of a disputed territory between India and China. The flight from Chengdu to Nyingchi opens a breathtaking view on the Eastern Himalaya and leads through the mountain peaks and descents into a steep landing. In our case, the landing was interrupted due to sudden low visibility, landing gear was pulled back in and the pilot pulled up steeply over the mountains to return to Chengdu, refuel and try again a few hours later. The pilot was finally proud to land safely on the small runway which only 10 pilots are licensed to approach here. Better see it late than never. The “Friendship highway” crosses Nyingchi and driving East leads to Bomi, which is mainly a garrison that played an important role in the "liberation" (invasion) of Tibet by Chinese troops in 1959, "freeing" Tibetans from a "medieval religious feudal system headed by the 14th Dalai Lama". This move is often seen critical, but also it sometimes is forgotten that the latest large scale massacre in Tibet was actually commanded by the British Lieutenant Colonel Francis Younghusband, who entered Tibet in 1904 based on the wrong intelligence information that the Russians would use Tibet as a base to move further South and threaten the Nepalese and Indian territories of the Empire. Bomi is a well located hub traveling further East, where the road becomes a small trail at the mountain side with up to 2000 metres above and 1000 below. Boulders are constantly falling even at this time of the year, which makes it not recommendable to pass during monsoon season in a passenger vehicle. If not a military truck, which was in a convoy to deliver food and equipment into the earthquake struck region in the North, would have blocked us, we would have also been hit by a land slide, which like this just came down a few tens of metres in front. It is an enormous effort to keep this section of the track open, which is a vital connection into Tibet.

East Tibet looks a bit like a very wild Switzerland in terms of landscape and vegetation. I even saw wild strawberries on the way to Midui Glacier, which access was cut off first by a land slide and a bulldozer was digging the track open. The glacier is fed from a peak elevation of 6385 metres and has impressive rings or terminal morains from different stages of development with a lake at 2900 metres. Further following the “Friendship highway” to the East leads to Rawok lake, which was unfortunately covered in snow and did not open up for a view on the scenery.

From Nyingchi, following the Friendship Highway to the West is far less dramatic in terms of driving (still the right back leaf spring broke and had to be exchanged), but offers an enormous entry into a completely different landscape. On the way to Lhasa the tree line is crossed at around 3200 metres, going through wide valleys utilized for herding jaks, horses, goats and donkeys or dry farming barley, sometimes with simple irrigation.  Also on the way are thousands of pilgrims to Lhasa, which make their way logistically inefficient but perhaps spiritually enriching by measuring the way dropping their body lengths to the ground moving slowly forward. They are covered by wooden protectors and thick clothes, doing this at least 100 000 times to improve their Karma. Some of them come about 800 km away, and a few even further. Entering the small tent camps is invited and they are very friendly and warm hearted people, some of them speaking Putonghua. 

Lhasa itself is impressive. Johkang temple for example is fascinating in terms of architecture, but also because it is a religious active temple. The Potala Palace is also impressive, but feels more like a museum, as it has only very limited activities. 

Unfortunately, during the Cultural Revolution Tibet suffered over-proportional high from the destruction of cultural heritage, because it was so rich in it. The Cultural Revolution was a man made disaster for all of China and its people and Tibet was struck badly by the power play of  Chairman Mao Zhedong. It seems one of the large dissonances of modern China, that Chairman Mao’s statues are still overlooking city squares, University campuses (which he closed) and cemeteries (which he filled so richly). But it also seems hard to abolish these memorials. Opposite the Potala Palace for example stands communist-fascist style memorial as a counterpoint to the palace itself. I guess, even the most concrete brain conservative CCP member sees how tasteless and idiotic this is, specially opposite such a beautiful palace. But tearing it down is also not easy, because this would symbolically play into the hands of the Dalai Lama and his gang and might even be misused by them to cause unrest. Since last year’s riots, the security in Lhasa seems very tight. Police and army are constantly patrolling with fire extinguishers and pump guns to protect shop owners and other citizens from attacks. They are friendly, even run out of the the line sometimes to buy an ice cream or a lottery ticket, but it is clearly not good to mess with them. As an outsider it is very hard to get a picture whether the riots where really political or simple violent attacks based on greed or other reasons. The tendency I heard goes into the direction, that it were politically camouflaged attacks by mob - not even by local Lhasa Tibetans but by Tibetans from Sichuan. But who knows?

The often criticized cultural delusion of Tibet is of course happening. But this seems normal in a country where people not fundamentally restricted in migration these days. Under the former religious leadership the “cultural purity” was preserved by insolation. But looking at the improvements in health, life expectancy, education, medical services, income and many other indicators, it is very clear that the Central Government is not doing a bad job here. But of course all religions pay their “bonus” in the afterlife. This has been the fundamental basis of suppressing people in Europe for about 2000 years. Only the “shepherd” get paid during life time. That’s the game. 

From Lhasa heading to the North lies Namtso Lake - the Heavenly Lake - with an altitude of 4718 metres. It is the world’s highest salt lake and when crossing the pass at about 5100 metres which opens the view on it, the name is instantainiously understood. This lake feels closer to the Universe and above it opens a nearly endless sky. There are some small unheated container huts and tents for rent and while rushing up the mountains to catch a better view, I was reminded by a fever that the air is already quite thin. Barking dogs can hammer quite severely into your brain in this condition and temperatures drop below zero. This is a test for will power and goose down jacket and probably is booked somewhere on the Karma-Account for the afterlife. If not, it is at least a good training for the immune system. Also, the heating and cooking process in the local Restaurant improves immunity: take dried Jak dung and put it on the fire, then cover it with a kettle and take a fresh bread from the exhaust pipe and enjoy. 

One of the most impressive cuts through divers landscapes, reaching from alpine snow, though deserts to green meadows is the 25 hour train ride from Lhasa to Xining. Do not forget your field glasses, because you will spot numerous Tibetan Antilopes (which I did not know, that they exist before).

The city of Xining itself is just shit. But it is bordering the further Western Provinces of China and makes you feel like ramping up gear and supplies again and go further West. But this time, the way had to return to Hong Kong via Xian and Shenzhen. Next time it will not.